UPCONVERSION NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative materials in various upconversion nanoparticles synthesis fields, including biomedical applications. However, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a significant concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a unique type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible lig